Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). DR is the leading cause of blindness and low vision. DR is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, so despite the individual treatment, it is only possible to slow down the progression of DR. Therefore, new potential biomarkers are needed for an earlier DR prognosis to prevent the development of DR. According to the latest studies, ubiquitin-proteas...

A 36-year-old Caucasian male was referred in November 2021 to our clinic, for investigations regarding his recent genetic diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism, revealed by genetic testing, performed after the birth of couple’s second child presenting with recurrent hypoglycemia.The female newborn diagnosed with fetal macrosomia (birth at 38 weeks, 4.3 kg), required follow-up and further examinations.A massive parallel sequencing on panel of 4867 genes using Roche platf...

Introduction: The classical triad of pheochromocytoma comprises paroxystic headache, palpitation, and diaphoresis. It is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Glycemic abnormalities are not rare. Hyperglycemia and diabetes can be the presenting features of pheochromocytoma. However, cases of hypoglycemia are also described. Malignant tumors account for about 10% of cases.Case description: In this report, we present a case of a 41-year-old man referre...

Background: Prolactinomas (PRL) are pituitary adenomas mainly characterized by hyperprolactinemia. In addition to the endocrine effects of prolactin, metabolic alterations have been described in PRL patients. Changes in inflammatory parameters have recently been identified in pituitary adenoma patients. Since both, metabolic (MM) and inflammatory markers (IM) showed promising results in characterization/prognosis of tumor patients, it is tempting to speculate whether those mig...

Introduction: Acromegaly is a rare, challenging disease that if not appropriately treated can lead to numerous complications. Some of the most frequent complications are cardiovascular (hypertension, secondary cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, valvulopathies, heart failure) and metabolic (secondary diabetes, various alterations of the lipid metabolisms). Aim: The aim is to asses the impact of long-term acromegaly on the cardiovascular system and glucide and l...

Introduction: Pregnancy results in a significant change in pituitary gland size and function.Due to this physiological adaptation, management of pituitary adenomas during pregnancy represents a particularly complex challenge. Aim of this study was to focus on a single referral institution experience with special attention to this subgroup of patients: pregnant woman affected by pituitary adenoma.Materials and methods: This is a des...

Introduction: Central diabetes insipidus is characterized by partial or total ADH deficit of various origins. The clinical picture is dominated by massive polyuria with diluted urine, increased thirst and daily water consumption reaching impressive quantities. Case report: We report the case of a 16 year-old male teenager presenting with excessive thirst and water intake of 8 -10 l/day and voiding large quantities of diluted urine. Symptoms started gradu...

Background: Multidisciplinary approach to pituitary disease is highly recommended; it requires a close relationship between expert pituitary surgeons and endocrinologists together with several specialists (e.g. neuroradiologists) in order to provide a high-level standard of care. Although there is evidence that neurosurgeons’ expertise is a key element to achieve better outcomes, also endocrinologists’ role is fundamental but it may sometimes encounter real-life barr...

Background: Post surgery hypocalcemia is the most common sequel of thyroidectomy. An accurate prediction of hypocalcemia in the immediate postoperative period would enable the selection of patients for appropriate treatment and facilitate early discharge. Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy and to identify potential risk factors. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study ...

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein which binds hormones such as testosterone. Around 97% of circulating testosterone is bound to SHBG and is therefore biologically unavailable; approximately 2–3% of testosterone is free or loosely bound to proteins such as albumin, and is biologically active, or bioavailable. Free testosterone is very technically challenging to quantify; in order to circumvent this problem, equations are used...